Article
Article
- Chemistry
- Physical chemistry
- Advanced batteries
- Engineering & Materials
- Electrical engineering
- Advanced batteries
DISCLAIMER: This article is being kept online for historical purposes. Though accurate at last review, it is no longer being updated. The page may contain broken links or outdated information.
Advanced batteries
Article By:
Srinivasan, Venkat Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley Hills, California.
Last reviewed:2009
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.YB090153
Numerous rechargeable batteries have been considered for use in vehicular applications over the years, including lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Each of these differs from the other in the choice of the anode, cathode, and electrolyte, with these choices leading to differences in the metrics that are used to gauge batteries. For batteries for vehicles, the important metrics include energy (representing how much useful work can be performed), power (representing how quickly this energy can be released), cycle life (representing how many times the battery can be charged and discharged before its capacity fades), calendar life (how many years the battery can last before its capacity fades), self-discharge (how many days the battery holds its charge), cost, and safety. Capacity represents how much electricity (electric charge, or electric current integrated over time) can be obtained from the battery; energy is the capacity times the voltage. Depending on the application, these metrics change. For example, while batteries for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) require large power capability with energy being less critical, batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) require large energy to maximize the amount of driving time before recharging.
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