Article
Article
Coffee
Article By:
Griffiths, Ellis Department of Agricultural Botany, School of Agricultural Sciences, University College of Wales, Penglais, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom.
Last reviewed:April 2019
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.146600
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A tropical evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Coffea (family Rubiaceae), a native of northeast Africa and adjacent southwest Asia, cultivated for the seeds (coffee beans) of its fruit. Members of the genus Coffea (Fig. 1) grow mainly between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn at elevations of 610–1830 m (2000–6000 ft) above sea level, at temperatures near 21°C (70°F), and with annual rains near 150 cm (60 in.). The beverage known as coffee is made by the hot-water extraction of solubles from the ground roasted beans (seeds) of the shrub. See also: Extraction; Food; Food engineering; Gentianales; Rubiales
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