Graphene and graphene oxide membranes for water treatment

Article By:

Griggs, Christopher S. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Medina, Victor F. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, Mississippi.

Last reviewed:2016

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.YB150695

Water resources are becoming increasingly stressed in the United States and even more so throughout the world. Reasons include increasing water-use from population shifts and complex land-use patterns that require abundant water and heavier demand from industry and energy production. Stress also is occurring because of changes in climatic patterns, which is resulting in reduced precipitation in key areas of the world. The southwestern United States, for example, has been mired in a long drought that has stressed water resources and resulted in mandatory water rationing in the State of California. Even the Pacific Northwest, traditionally one of the rainiest areas in the United States, is suffering from water shortages. Climatic issues are global, with portions of North America, the Middle East, Asia, Africa, and China having been affected by severe drought for many years. Models of global climate change and water use predict increasingly severe water shortages in the future. See also: Climate modeling; Drought; Environmental endocrine disruptors; Global climate change; Precipitation (meteorology); Water resources

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