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High-temperature superconductivity
Article By:
Alario-Franco, Miguel Á. Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain.
Last reviewed:2008
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.YB084240
In 1911, G. Holst and H. Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity—that is, electrical conductivity without resistance—in mercury at a temperature, called the critical temperature (Tc), just below the boiling point of helium. Hundreds of superconducting materials are now known, including many elements, such as niobium, lead, and tin; intermetallic compounds, such as Nb3Ge; and nonmolecular solids such as the spinel LiTi2O4 and the perovskite Ba(Pb1−xBix)O3. In parallel with that progress, a number of applications of superconducting materials have been envisaged, and some of them currently find extensive use, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
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