Article
Article
Hydraulic jump
Article By:
Harleman, Donald R. F. Department of Civil Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Last reviewed:December 2019
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.326900
An abrupt increase of depth in a free-surface liquid flow. A hydraulic jump is characterized by rapid flow and small depths on the upstream side and by larger depths and smaller velocities on the downstream side. A jump can form only when the upstream flow is supercritical, that is, when the fluid velocity is greater than the propagation velocity c of a small, shallow-water gravity wave (, where h is the depth). A considerable amount of energy is dissipated in the conversion from supercritical to subcritical flow. See also: Open channel; Surface waves
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