Article
Article
- Navigation
- Air navigation
- Instrument landing system (ILS)
Instrument landing system (ILS)
Article By:
McFarland, Richard H. Avionics Engineering Center, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio.
Last reviewed:December 2019
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.346800
- Use
- Standards
- Spectrum availability
- Localizer
- Glide slope
- Theory
- Receivers and display
- Marker beacons
- Related Primary Literature
- Additional Reading
A collection of discrete radio navigation aids used by pilots of all types of aircraft for approach guidance to a specific airport runway, especially during times of limited visibility. Typically, three components constitute the instrument landing system: a localizer, which provides lateral guidance; a glide slope, which gives vertical guidance; and one to three marker beacons, which give position fixes along the approach path (Fig. 1). A distance-measuring-equipment (DME) readout or a nondirectional, low-frequency radio beacon (NDB) is sometimes substituted for the outer marker beacon, usually located about 5 mi (8 km) from the runway. Details essential for use of the instrument landing system by the pilot are peculiar to the airport and runway. See also: Distance-measuring equipment
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