Tylenchida

Article By:

Maggenti, Armand R. Division of Nematology, University of California, Davis, California.

Last reviewed:January 2021

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.757395

An order of nematodes in which the labial region is variable and may be distinctly set off or smoothly rounded and well developed; the hexaradiate symmetry is most often retained or discernible. The amphids are porelike, oval, or slitlike, or clefts located on the lips. The internal circlet of six sensilla may be lacking. The external circle of 10 sensilla is often evident; however, these may be reduced to a visible 4 or some may be doubled. The hollow stylet is the product of the cheilostome (conus, “guiding apparatus,” and framework) and the esophastome (shaft and knobs). Throughout the order and its suborders the stylet may be present or absent and may or may not be adorned with knobs. The variable esophagus is most often divisible into the corpus, isthmus, and glandular posterior bulb. The corpus is divisible into the procorpus and metacorpus. The metacorpus is generally valved but may not occur in some females and males, and the absence is characteristic of some taxa. The orifice of the dorsal esophageal gland opens either into the anterior procorpus or just anterior to the metacorporal valve. The excretory system is asymmetrical, and there is but one longitudinal collecting tubule. Females have one or two genital branches; when only one branch is present, it is anteriorly directed. Except for sex-reversed males there is only one genital branch. Males may have one (=phasmid) or more caudal papillae. The spicules are always paired and variable in shape; they may or may not be accompanied by a gubernaculum.

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