Article
Article
Conjugation and hyperconjugation
Article By:
Schlecht, Matthew F. E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Inc., Agricultural Products Department, Newark, Delaware.
Last reviewed:January 2020
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.157100
A higher-order bonding interaction between electron orbitals on three or more contiguous atoms in a molecule, which leads to characteristic changes in physical properties and chemical reactivity. One participant in this interaction can be the electron pair in the π-orbital of a multiple (that is, double or triple) bond between two atoms, or a single electron or electron pair or electron vacancy on a single atom. The second component will be the pair of π-electrons in an adjacent multiple bond in the case of conjugation, and in the case of hyperconjugation it will be the pair of electrons in an adjacent polarized σ-bond (that is, a bond where the electrons are held closer to one atom than the other due to electronegativity differences between the two atoms). See also: Chemical bonding
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