Article
Article
Damping
Article By:
Greenspan, Martin National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
Last reviewed:January 2020
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1036/1097-8542.180400
A term broadly used to denote either the dissipation of energy in, and the consequent decay of, oscillations of all types or the extent of the dissipation and decay. The energy losses arise from frictional (or analogous) forces which are unavoidable in any system or from the radiation of energy to space or to other systems. For sufficiently small oscillations, the analogous forces are proportional to the velocity of the vibrating member and oppositely directed thereto; the ratio of force to velocity is −R, the mechanical resistance. For the role of damping in the case of forced oscillations, where it is decisive for the frequency response, See also: Forced oscillation; Resonance (acoustics and mechanics); Harmonic motion; Mechanical vibration; Oscillation; Vibration
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