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Performance Expectations associated with this DCI help high-school students formulate an answer to the question, “How is energy transferred and conserved?” Energy is understood as a quantitative property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system, and the total change of energy in any system is always equal to the total energy transferred into or out of the system. Students develop an understanding that energy at both macroscopic and atomic scales can be accounted for as either motions of particles or energy associated with the configuration (relative positions) of particles. In some cases, the energy associated with the configuration of particles can be thought of as stored in fields.